METHODS OF EARTHQUAKES SAFETY IN BUILDINGS

Short and rigid buildings below 10 stories are damaged easily in earthquakes because they shake very fast. 10 story buildings have a period of oscillation of about 1 second the same as the earthquake pulse, which is very dangerous.

However Tall and flexible buildings can withstand an earthquake because they can sway. If the building is too rigid it will snap and if it is too flexible the people on the 100th floor would be throwing all over the place.  

Earthquakes safety considerations and , knowing how to build can help reduce injury, loss of life, and property damage during an earthquake. 

There are ways of reducing earthquake produced seismic forces acting on to the building

Such as special structural features of Interior support walls called shear walls, made of reinforced concrete, strengthen the structure and help resist rocking forces. Shear walls in the center of a building form a shear core. Cross-bracing reinforces walls with diagonal steel beams. Base isolators act as shock absorbers, and a moat allows a building to sway.

There are three ways of reducing earthquake produced seismic forces acting on to the building. 

Base isolation: rubber pads or rollers. are used so the base does not feel the full shake or jump off foundations.

base isolation

 Shock absorbers or dampers are added to the structure to dissipate the seismic shock

shock absorbers

 Active tuned mass dampers use a computer controlled counter moving weight to actively move against the building sway.

active mass dampers

Rocking frames: The system dissipates energy through the movement of steel frames that are situated around the building's core or along exterior walls. The frames can be part of a building's initial design or could be incorporated into an existing building undergoing seismic retrofitting. 

rocking frames