HOTUBA YA UCHAGUZI MKUU WA TASA

HOTUBA YA UCHAGUZI MKUU WA TASA-DELHI 28TH JAN 2012-UBALOZINI NEW DELHI INDIA. Kwanza kabisa nichukue nafasi hii kumshukuru mwenyezi mungu kutukutanisha hapa sote,katika mkutano huu mkuu wa chama chetu cha tasa. Chama cha tasa-delhi ni chama cha wanafunzi wa kitanzania waliomo katika jimbo la delhi na viunga vyake,kisicho cha kiserikali wala kisiasa,kilianzishwa kwa lengo la kulinda maslahi ya wanachama wake,kuimarisha mahusiano ya wanafunzi wa kitanzania na kuimarisha umoja,utamaduni,na maendeleo ya kielimu na taifa kwa ujumla kwa wanafunzi. Malengo ya chama cha tasa ni kutoa ujuzi na uzoefu wa oungozi kwa wanafunzi wa kitanzania,vile vile kuoa ufahamu wa majukumu ya kijamii kwa wanafunzi,hivyo hutoa fursa kwa wanafunzi kushiriki ktk mambo ya kijamii na kujitolea. Madhumuni ya chama ni kuimarisha umoja,uelewa,mahusiano na kuendeleza ushirikiano wa kijamii na kitamaduni. Ninapenda kuchukua nafasi hii kutoa shukrani za dhati kwa wanafunzi wote ambao mmeweza kuitikia wito huu,mkaacha shughuli zenu zote,mkaja kujumuika pamoja katika kikao hiki nyeti kwa chama chetu. Kikao hiki ni muhimu kuliko vyote tulivyofanya ndani ya mwaka,kwani kinatuletea ukomo wa uongozi ulopita na kufungua ukurasa mpya wa uongozi ujao,pia kitatoa muhitasari wa yote yaliyofanyika,kushindwa na kufanikiwa kwa timu ya oungozi unaomalizia mda wake na hivyo kutoa mwongozo na changamoto kwa uongozi ujao. Ninapenda kuchukua fursa hii kutoa pongezi kwa balozi wetu hapa india...mh.eng.kijazi,kwa moyo wa upendo na wa kujitolea kwa hali na mali kwa wanafunzi na chama chetu kwa ujumla.balozi amekuwa mstari wa mbele kukisaidia chama hiki kimawazo na kiuchumi katika kuhakikisha kwamba chama hiki

kinafanikiwa kusonga mbele na kufikia malengo kusudiwa.nichukue fursa hii kwa niaba ya wanafunzi kuupongeza ubalozi na maafisa wa ubalozi ambao wamekuwa wakitutegea sikio pale tulipohitaji msaada wao,na kuwa tayari kuimarisha mahusiano ya pande hizo mbili. Niwashukuruni sana viongozi mbalimbali waliokuwa katika timu hii,kwa kujitolea kwa hali na mali katika kuendesha mipango mbalimbali ya chama.pia shukrani za pekee kwa viongozi tulioanza nao kazi lakini kwa sababu moja au nyingine walilazimika kutokuendelea na nafasi zao. Mnamo dec 2010,uongozi huu ulichaguliwa rasmi kuongoza shughuli mbali mbali za chama,katika kipindi kilicho kuwa kigumu katika historia ya chama chetu.kwanza kilikuwa kipindi ambacho kilikuwa na mipasuko na hali ya kutokuelewana kati ya wanachama.kipindi ambacho kilishuhudia matumizi ya anasa ya fedha za wanachama.tulianza safari yetu tukiwa na na wakati mgumu wa kuwaunganisha upya wanachama,kurejesha imani na kukirejesha chama katika barabara iliyokusudiwa kwa kufuata kipengere kimoja kimoja cha katiba yetu.

MAFANIKIO Tumefanikiwa kwa asilimia zote kuunganisha viongozi wote kufanya kazi kamatimu,,,kila kiongozi ana nafasi yake katika chama na siri ya mafanikio ni umoja na ushirikiano. Tumefanikiwa kuwaunganisha wanafunzi wa kitanzania wa delhi na viunga vyake vya karibu kama noida, na agra. Chama kimefanikiwa kukusanya kiasi kikubwa cha mapato kutoka kwa wanachama na kubudi vyanzo mbalimbali vya nje na vya ndani vya kimapato. Chama kimefanikiwa kuzuia mianya ya ubadhirifu wa fedha za chama...ambapo kila kiasi cha rs 5000 zitakazo kusanywa zitakabidhiwa ktk ofisi ya hazina ya ubalozi,,,,huku ipoti ya mhazini wa chama ikitolewa ktk kila robo/kikao.fedha hizo zitatolewa kwa idhini ya m/kiti+mhazin kwa pamoja. Chama kimefanikiwa kushiriki kwa njia moja ama nyingine ktk shughuli mbalmbali za kiutamaduni,kijami.chama chetu kimeweza kushiriki michezo ya nchi mbali mbai inayofanyika kila mwaka na pia wanafunzi wa kitanzania walipata mualiko rasmi kushiriki matamasha ya kiutamaduni ya kimataifa. Chama kimefanikiwa kuandaamatamasha mbalimbali ya kijamii kama gathering part,kutembelea wagojwa wa kitanzania mahospitalini kulingan na uwezo wa chama.na pia kushiriki shughuli za kitaifa, Chama kimefanikiwa kuunda rasmi nembo ya chama,na blog ya chama pia kufungua ukurasa wa chama ktk mtandao wa face book kwa nia na madhumuni ya kuimarisha umoja wetu,ushirikiana na kuwa karibu ktk kubadilishana mawazo. Chama kimefanikiwa kushiriki kikamilifu pindi matatizo,maradhi,na misiba inapotokea kwa wanachama...chama kama chama hutumia mfuko wake

kukopesha wanachama wanaotikiswa vibaya kifedha na kiuchumi mf,kuibiwa,kuugua au kufiwa...ktk mataizo yanayoletea mikusanyiko ya kijammii kwa mwanachama..chama kinakawaida ya ya kuchangia vitu kama vinywaji...uchangiaji huo hata hivyo hutegmeana na hali ya mfuko wa chama.

KUSHINDWA Pamoja na mafanikio mbalimbali ktk kukusanya mapato..zaidi ya 90% ya wanachama hawatoi ada ya chama..sio kwa sababu hawana,ila kwa sababu hawataki au hawajahamasika....kulingana na katiba mtu anyeshindwa kuchangia ada yake,mahudhurio chini75%--atabakia kuwa mwanachama asiye na sifa ya kupigia kura wala kufanya maamuzi ndani ya chama(non voting members)-unless ana matatizo ya kifedha. Japo kuwa tumekuwa tukipata mialiko mingi ya kiutamaduni,wanachama wengi hawana hamasa a kushiriki,,,wengi wanataka kuwa watizamaji,,,ni vyema tukawaiga wanachama wenzete wanaotokea ubalozini ambao` hujitolea ktk michezo yote hususani ya kiutamaduni,kwani sote ni jukumu letu. Tumependekeza kuandaliwa kwa jarida la chama litakaloelezea maisha,changomoto za wanafunzi india,jarida hilo litasambazwa maeneo mbalimbali nchini na ktk taasisi za kidiplomasia,,,wafadhili walikuwa tayari ila sisi tulishindwa kufanya maandalizi hayo... Tulishindwa kufanya picnic na utalii kutokana na mitihani ktk baadhi ya vyuo,uhaba wa fedha na maandalizi ya uhuru. Hitimisho Baada ya kusema hayo ni matumaini yangu kwamba uongozi ujao utaendeleza mbele pale tulipo malizia na hatimaye kutufikisha ktk chama cha watanzania halisi,chama kitakacholinda maslahi ya wanachama wake,bila kujali nafasi ya wasiopenda mafanikio yetu,bila kujali nafasi za walio na malengo ya kudharau viongozi wake na wanafuzi kwa ujula,chama kitakacho watupilia mbali wana utengano kwa na nia ya kuwaunganisha wanafunzi wa upande wa ubalozini na wale wa vyuoni na chama ambacho kitaongozwa uzalendo

badala ya manufaa binafsi,chama kitakacho wafanya watanzania wajisikie nyumbani na amani. Mwisho nitoe wito wa wanachama wote ,kwamba sisi sote ni ndugu,watnzaniak,tuendeleni kushirikiana na uongozi ujao,kwa hali,mawazo,ushauri na mali.ukionewa-usionee wasiliana na viongozi wa chama chetu,ukidhulumiwa waone viongozi kwanza kabla ya kujichukulia sheria mikononi, Shukrani za dhati tena viongozi wote wastaafu,ubalozi na wanachama wote kwa kutuunga mkono. Asanteni kwa usikilizaji wenu.

TANZANIA STUDENTS ASSOCIATION CONSTITUTION

 TASA - DELHI
TANZANIA STUDENTS ASSOCIATION CONSTITUTION
A constitution reflects the policies and procedures of our Association.
Preamble we, the students of Tanzania in Delhi hereby resolve to form a non-political students' Association and adopt this constitution to safeguard and further the interests of the members of this Association, to strengthen the relationship of the students of Tanzania, promote unity, understanding and organized life, and enhance the cultural, educational development of the students. The members of Tanzania Students Association do hereby establish this Constitution in order that our purpose is realized to its fullest extent.
Article I - Name The name of the organization will be Tanzania Students Association henceforth referred to as TASA.
Article II - Purpose Tanzania Students Association is established for the expressed purpose of developing leadership skills as well as an awareness of social responsibilities to encourage students to participate in public affairs and volunteers activities. And also to foster unity, understanding and close relationship among the students from Tanzania in order to preserve unity of Cultural and Social relationship.
To organize, encourage and coordinate extra curricular activities for purposes of Social, Cultural and Intellectual development of the students of Tanzania.
To undertake various types of activities which lead to the realization of the objectives of the Association.
(i)Every active student from Tanzanian studying in Delhi shall be a Voting Member of the Association.
(ii) Any other person from Tanzania residing in Delhi other than those members mentioned in Art. 2 (2) is entitled to become a Non-voting Member of the Association. (iii) All Voting Members will constitute the General Body of the Association.
Tanzania Students Association understands and is committed to fulfilling its responsibilities of abiding by Student in Delhi policies.
Article III - Membership Active membership shall be limited to persons officially connected with the Tanzania Students Association. Students enrolled in various institution/ school in New Delhi. In addition, the following requirements are necessary to constitute active membership:
Each Member shall pay Rs 200 as a registration fee and Rs 100 as a monthly contribution.
Attendance of at least 75% during a year.
Active participation in all activities sponsored by Tanzania Students Association unless the activity interferes with either scholastic or financial constraints.
Tanzania Students Association openly admits students to its membership and does not discriminate on the basis of race, color, creed, sex, sexual orientation, marital status, personal appearance, age, national origin, political affiliation, physical or mental disability, or on the basis of rights secured by the Tanzania Students Association Constitution.
Article IV - Leaders Tanzania Students Association will be governed by the following means:
An elected President (or other designated leaders) will preside at all meetings of Tanzania Students Association(TASA) the President will maintain the power to appoint Vice President and Body Members, shall present all motions to the body present and shall be present at 90% of the meetings of the Tanzania Students Association (TASA). President shall oversee the performance of the elected leader, may proposed vote of confidence to members shall be there need
Tanzania Students Association shall also have a Vice President. The Vice President's duties shall be to preside over at all meetings and functions that the President cannot attend.
The Vice-President shall discharge the duties and functions of the President in the absence of the latter, and/or in the occurrence or vacancy in the office of the President.
And in general assist the President in the discharge of his duties.
General Secretary:
(a) The Secretary shall be directly elected by the General Meeting (b) The Secretary shall call the meetings of the General Body and the Executive Committee on the recommendation of the President. (c) The Secretary shall be responsible for maintaining the minutes of the meetings of the Executive Committee. (d) The Secretary shall be responsible for maintaining the office records of the Association and the end of each form shall hand over the charges of office in the presence of the newly elected President.
Article V - Operations
1. Voting Eligibility Those members meeting all requirements of active membership as set forth in Article III will be granted voting privileges. Second year students will contest for a term of one year leadership unless otherwise.
2. Election Process All leaders shall be elected by a majority vote of eligible voting members of Tanzania Students Association. All elections will be held on an annual basis during the month of September.
The President will take nominations from the floor, the nomination process must be closed and the movement seconded. The nominated parties will be allowed to vote.
All voting shall be done by secret ballot to be collected and tabulated by the body members and one voting member of TASA appointed by the outgoing President person may seek election to the same office for more than two consecutive years. OR The mode of election shall be either open or secret ballot as desired by a simple majority of the members present at the voting.
3. Removal / Votes of No-confidence. Any office bearer/ Member may be removed from the Association provided: (a) That 1/5 of the total voting members of the Association and 3 members of the Executive Committee, or 1/3 of the total-voting members send a requisition to the President to call a meeting of the general body to consider the votes of no confidence.
(b) That at least 1/3 of the total voting members of the General Body are present in such a meeting called by the president within a week of the receipt of the requisition.
(c) That from among the requisitioninsts someone presents a charge sheet before the general body meeting and office bearer/bearers concerned replies/reply to the charge leveled against him/her/them.
(d) That by a secret ballot of those present and voting such requisitioned meeting carries the motion of no confidence, provided that 2/5 of the members present vote in favor of the non confidence motion.
(e) In such a meeting the voting members present on may choose from amongst themselves a person who is not a member of Executive Committee (but who is a member of the general body) to preside over the meeting. (f) In case of any vacancy occurring the office of any of this office bearer, the new office bearer shall be elected by the general body within 15 days of the date of the occurrence of the vacancy.
4. Meetings All meetings will occur on a weekly basis or other regular basis at a time selected by the Tanzania Students Association and will be the follow meeting below:
 General Meeting.
 Leaders Meeting
 Emergence Meeting.
These meeting shall meet in accordance of the need. Though the General Meeting shall meet in every end of the month and Leaders Meeting shall meet the last week before the General Meeting OR at the derogative of the President.
Article VI – Finances
Tanzania Students Association will finance the activities it engages in by the following means:
The TASA Account Membership (appropriate amount set by the Tanzania Students Association (TASA)
TASA Treasury shall submit financial report in every general meeting and there shall be proposal from members as there any need of usage.
Article VII - Amendments
Amendments to the constitution may be proposed in writing by any voting member of the Tanzania Students Association at any meeting at which 2/3 of the voting members is present proposed amendment.
These amendments will be placed on the agenda for the next regular meeting of the executive council or other officer grouping.
Proposed amendments will become effective following approval of two-thirds (2/3)-majority vote of active members.
Article VIII - Registration Renewal Tanzania Students Association will apply to the registration office.
Art: Functions and Activities (a) The activities of the Association shall be : (1) Fresher' welcome party (2) Picnic (3) New Year's day lunch party (4) Annual Day (b) The Association shall Endeavour to organize, tournaments in Bonanza, football, table tennis, etc.
Patrons The Tanzania High Commissioner shall be a patron of the Association.

HOW TO MAKE ATTRACTIVE GARDEN AT YOUR HOME

A garden at your house is the best thing to make your family happy; the garden gives the family opportunity to interact with natural world. The house garden depends on the scale it is designed, it can simple or complex, with varieties of flowers, water bodies,insects, vegetables,art works, furniture and  play grounds or very big, but all are similar in their tendency to refresh the house. Although Water gardens in most cases are expensive, they do bring more long term joy and pleasure than anything someone could spend money on, when built with concrete and rebar, will last longer.  It is advised that garden design should be given equal weight with house design to benefit maximum of what the garden can offer. 

GARDEN DESIGN BASICS 

garden principles

To make the garden more interesting and attractive, unity between all components of the garden and simplicity are the basic principles to express the main design idea. This can be achieved by applying consistency and repetition. Repetition creates unity by repeating alike elements like plants, plant groups, or decor throughout the garden. Consistency creates unity in the sense that some or all of the different elements of the landscape fit together to create a whole. Unity can be achieved by the consistency of character of elements in the design like height, size, texture, color schemes of different elements. Simplicity is actually one of the principles in design and art. 

arts of the garden

A simple way to create unity in your home garden is by creating themes simply by a little garden decor or garden statues. Creating a theme garden is easier when it is related to something you are interested in or have a passion for like plants that attract butterflies as well as using statues, ornaments, and other decor that are related to butterflies. 


Simplicity in planting would be to pick two or three colors and repeat them throughout the garden. Keeping decor to a minimum and within a specific theme as well as keeping boulders consistent is also practicing simplicity.   

garden flower

FLOWER GARDEN  

Many factors should be considered on introducing flowers at your house to make the garden yours. Factors like, climate, personality, color, height, small, purpose, maintenance, growing conditions will be required in designing flowers for your garden No matter the size of the garden, it should blend with your home, and surroundings.

GARDEN WATER BODIES 

garden water bodies

In Oder to make your garden work effectively as desired, maintenance and garden care taking are very important pillars to avoid pond leaking, algae and dead fish smell. However before starting garden, make sure you research enough before deciding what type of garden you need. The garden research can be done through literature and books or through discussion  

with garden experts. Useful information of different products available in the markets and new innovation and technology will give the garden owner more options.

After making research and choosing what you would like to be part of your garden, the second step is to find the qualified contractor, encase there are ponds and fountains in your desired garden,fence,pathworks,garden furniture.hirering a contractor who is qualified and experienced will help you doing other works at the same time.

It is recommended to opt for an energy-efficient centrifugal pump since Sump pumps are not designed for continuous operation only intermittent duty and use more energy than centrifugal pumps. 

  COLOR FOR THE GARDEN 

garden fountain

Color adds the dimension of real life and interest to the garden. Bright colors like reds, yellows and oranges seem to advance toward you and can actually make an object seem closer to you. While Cool colors like greens, blues, and pastels seem to move away from you and can make an object seem farther from you. Grays, blacks, and whites are considered neutral colors and are best used in the background with bright colors in the foreground. However, to increase depth in a landscape, you can use dark and coarse textured plants in the foreground and use fine textured and light colored plants in the background. Colors can also be used to direct your attention to a specific area of the garden. A bright display among cooler colors would naturally catch the eye.  

GARDEN FURNITURE

Another important thing for your home garden is Garden furniture commonly known as outdoor furniture or patio furniture, for outdoor settings. There are different useful seating arrangements in gardens, lawns, hotels, and restaurant settings. These including patio set which is consisting of a table, four to six chairs, and an umbrella or parasol. However these can be customized according to requirements of different settings. For instance fixed or movable parasol or a fixed or movable parasol heater to enable people to sit outside during cold weather conditions. Garden furniture is made of materials which can withstand different weather conditions and is durable, mostly wood, aluminium, wicker, plastic, and wrought iron with different styles to give a garden a new look and feel.  

garden seat

Before making shopping for the garden furniture, it is recommended to analyze the requirements of the site area and climates to get suitable type of material. There are a number of styles and looks available for an outdoor setting with even the living room styles available today with more comfort and durability suitable for all weather conditions. Some other factors like cost and management should be taken into the considerations. 

MIAKA 50 YA UHURU-TANGANYIKA

HOW TO IMPROVE YOUR BATHROOM

shining  the bathroom

                             Bathroom is a room ranks second after kitchen in a house. However in architectural point of view, bathroom is having greatest challenges like water proofing, odor ontroling, ventilation than any part of the house. Therefore bathroom design should be given much importance to give it unique style without compromising its function.

If you are planning to re-work the bathroom space, or re designs it, it is very important to design. For minor Bathroom remodelling, try not to change the existing layout and plumbing elements, elements and fittings can be changed but avoid shifting the major elements. Things like shower enclosure with the required shower fixtures and a classic shower curtain can be added, you can enjoy the soothing shower as well as the relaxing bathtub. A wall hung vanity to the basin. Corner, wall hung basin added, make sure you utilize the corner space as much as you can. Encase the addition of shower stall is required; consider using glass to avoid blocking effect. 

After completing the basic design then, add some extra storage to your bathroom. Absence of storage makes your small bathroom look cluttered and messy. If the plan size of your bathroom is small, big mirrors will make it look bigger two times more. Also you can use sense of balance and order, by uniform color material to increase the size of your bathroom psychologically. Shelves in your bathroom will help you place the toiletries and grooming essentials and other bathroom accessories. The decorative accent pieces like potted plants near the entrance and empty shelves can be added. You can use decorative show pieces, wall hangings and frames to play up the bathing area and scented candles and decorative candle holders to further brighten up the bathroom

Basically, the bathroom can easily be made brightly shining, free from odors, germs and stains. This can be done by simple steps starting with material design. Bathrooms are designed with materials that are easy to clean. In most cases, floor tiles and porcelain walls are used to resist stain and preventing the accumulation of dirty. In most designs, countertops are made of home materials that can be easily cleaned, these materials include ceramic tile, plastic laminate, and cultured marble and laminated woods. Bathroom countertops should be made with durable materials, easy to clean, and water proof, with ability to resist stains.  

Air circulation in the bathroom should be given much consideration to prevent mildew growth; this can be achieved passively by providing windows to the bathroom, for natural day lighting and bringing fresh air inside and used air outside the bathroom. Availability of enough lights will be discouraging the possibility of fungus and bacteria multiplication inside the bathroom. The door of the shower should be left open after shower to allow air to circulate and dry the walls. A fan should be used during and after your showers to dry out the bathroom. Sunlight also helps to discourage mildew.

 But also by mechanical means, the amount of air circulation can be increased by the Use fans during taking shower for around 30 minutes after shower, other methods of increasing air circulation in the bathroom are air conditioners, dehumidifiers, and open windows.

To keep your bathroom  look new every time, make sure Every month, bathroom pipes are good preventative cleaned ,and making them free from grease, oil, or hair clogs. The mixture baking soda, white vinegar can be used in major bathroom cleaning to dissolve all fatty acids. Finally boiled water should be used to make final wash out down the drain to remove all clogs.  

The bathroom regular cleaning is done in daily basis; bathroom should be cleaned after a steamy bath or shower. The walls, curtains, fixtures, and floor, will be much easier to clean because the steam will have loosened the dirt. Chlorine bleach is the most chemical used with, brush to clean bathroom sinks, and toilets for removing any stain and also disinfect. Hard-water ring should be removed from shower tapes and other bathroom tapes .make sure that bacteria and mildew are cleaned from bath toys, which can simply be done by vinegar-water bath and with warm water. While cleaning wall and floor tiles, avoid using abrasive cleaners and steel wool pads, which can scratch the surface, making it difficult to keep clean. When all countertops and basins are shining and are bright, finish cleaning by mirrors, window and door glasses, make sure that there is maximum light for your bathroom and no spaces for bacteria or fungus to breed freely. Rub glass shower doors with a white vinegar-dampened sponge to remove soap residue.

Shower curtain in the bathroom should be soaked in salt water first before washed. This will help to prevent mildew. Mildew can be removed by washing shower curtain in hot soapy water, with lemon juice and drying in the sun the shower curtain. Encase of plastic curtains, laundry pre-wash spray should be used to clean the curtain.   

There are different ways of removing bathroom odors, but simply this can be achieved by installing vents, and also by leaving the window open for air circulation which can help to reduce the smell.onother method is by lighting a pain candle which can help to neutralise the odor .another way of eliminating smell from the bathroom is by spraying air freshener lightly. When the bathroom door is left open when not in use can help air circulations and hence reduce the odor.

CHRISTMAS MESSAGE DECEMBER 2011

 Christmas message December 2011

 We celebrate the birth of Jesus Christ, the son of God in Bethlehem of Palestine in Israel 2011 years ago. It is the feast of the birth of messiah and saviour of humanity. It is the feast of God entering our human world to fill it with his loving presence and lead us out of darkness to the light of divine. The evangelist Mathew in his gospel writes that the birth of Jesus in the following words ,

“Now the birth of Jesus the messiah took place in this way. When his mother Mary had been engaged to Joseph, but before they lived together she was found to be with child from the Holy Spirit. Her husband Joseph being a righteous men and unwillingly to expose her to the public disgrace, planned to dismiss her quietly .but just when he had resolved to do so, an angel of the lord appeared to him in a dream and said Joseph son of David, do not afraid to take Mary as your wife, for the child conceived in her womb, is from the holy spirit, she will bear a son and you are to name him jesus, for he will save your people from their sins. All this took place to fulfil what had been spoken by lord through prophets look the virgin shall conceive and bear a son and they shall name him Emmanuel which means god is with us. When Joseph awoke from the sleep he did as the angel of the lord commanded him, he took her as his wife but had no marital relations with her until she had born a son and he named him Jesus”

 Jesus birth took place in Bethlehem when Joseph had come from Nazareth with his wife Mary to register his name in his own city in the census ordered by roman emperor Augustus. The gospel says the birth of Jesus took place in a manger that is in a stable where the shepherds were resting with their animals. Jesus was born in a cave because there was no space for him in the inn.

The evangelist look writes “In the region there were shepherds living in the fields, keeping and watching over their flock by night. Then an angle of the lord stood before them and the glory of the lord shone around them and they were terrified. But the angel of the lord said unto them does not be afraid, for see l a m bringing you good news of joys for all people. To you is born a child this day in the city of David, a saviour who is the messiah, the lord.

The birth of Jesus in a stable shows a paradox of life, the creator of the world had no decent place to be born; hence he was born as an outcaste, away from inhabited boundary of human world

It is God’s love for us that he sent Jesus into the world .the st.John the evangelist in his gospel writes again ‘for god so loved the world that he gave his only son, so that everyone who believes in him may not perish but may have eternal life. Indeed god deed not send son in the world to condemn the world, but so that the world can be saved through him. Out of love and compassion for humanity became human to save us from sin and show us the way to eternal life.

Christmas comes once a year, but its message of joy, love and peace should not be reduced to the day of Christmas alone. The message of Christmas is for all and for the whole year. The birth of Jesus Christ becomes reality in our lies when we are moved by faith, hope and love and welcome Jesus into our lives

Charismas is best known for its merry making aspects such as cake,gifts,parties,and illumination and not for its spiritual mening.sometimes we conveniently forget the reasons for Christmas is Jesus. As human beings we need both, some moments of festivity and also periodical spiritual renewal. Unfortunately we end up on exterior celebration and forget spiritual renewal

At the birth of Jesus the angels appeared to shepherd and gave them good news of the birth of messiah. Then they saw a multitude of angels singing glory to god in the highest and earth peace to all in whom god delights. Gods glory is being revealed in the birth of Jesus Christ and he comes with the message of peace, and good will from god to all people of goodwill.christmas is therefore invites us all to be people of good will, people ready to share, ready to forgive and forget offences done against us. 

WAYS TO PROTECT PEOPLE DURING EARTHQUAKE

 The “Drop, Cover and Hold” methods  are the best ways to protect yourself during an earthquake.

 If you are inside during an earthquake, pick out a sturdy table or desk nearest to you and hold on to it until the shaking stops. If you are in a lecture hall, put your head near your knees and protect your head and neck. Stay away from any windows, hanging objects, tall furniture or cabinets. If you are in bed when an earthquake occurs, stay in your bed and cover your head with a pillow until the shaking stops. Before getting out of bed, look for broken glass or anything that may be hazardous to your feet.  

‘If you find yourself outside, move to an open area clear of power lines, trees, buildings or anything that could possibly become a hazard. If you are near the coast and an earthquake lasts for more than 20 seconds, evacuate inland at least two miles from the coast or to higher ground at least 100 feet high.

Once the shaking has stopped, check to see if you or your roommates, co-workers or families are all okay. If you are trapped by fallen objects or are stuck underneath debris, cover your mouth, nose and eyes from dust. Signal for help by using a cell phone, whistle or tapping on objects as emergency crews will be listening. Check for damage in your apartment, office or dorm, and put out any small fires that may occur. If there is any electrical damage in your building, power may be cut off, so avoid using elevators or other electronic equipment. 

If an earthquake happens and there is no possibility of escaping by getting out the door or window, it is advised to lie down and curl up in the fetal position next to a sofa, or table. If you are in bed during the night and an earthquake occurs, simply roll off the bed, a safe void will exist around the bed.

During earthquake, it is very dangerous to stay under or near doorway, a doorway and the doorjamb can fall forward or backward and a person can easily get crushed by the ceiling above and if the door jamb falls sideways then a person will be cut in half by the doorway. So nobody should stay near the near.

Never go to the stairs during the earthquake. The stairs swing separately from the main part of the building and continuously bump into each other until structural failure of the stairs takes place. Therefore people can easily chopped up by the stair treads. The stairs are a likely part of the building to be damaged. Even if the stairs are not collapsed by the earthquake, they may collapse later when overloaded by fleeing people. Stairs should always be checked for safety, even when the rest of the building is not damaged. 

If you’re inside your vehicle, urgently get out of it. People inside of their vehicles are crushed when the road above falls in an earthquake and crushes their vehicles; people could easily be survived by getting out and lying in the fetal position next to their vehicles.  

METHODS OF EARTHQUAKES SAFETY IN BUILDINGS

Short and rigid buildings below 10 stories are damaged easily in earthquakes because they shake very fast. 10 story buildings have a period of oscillation of about 1 second the same as the earthquake pulse, which is very dangerous.

However Tall and flexible buildings can withstand an earthquake because they can sway. If the building is too rigid it will snap and if it is too flexible the people on the 100th floor would be throwing all over the place.  

Earthquakes safety considerations and , knowing how to build can help reduce injury, loss of life, and property damage during an earthquake. 

There are ways of reducing earthquake produced seismic forces acting on to the building

Such as special structural features of Interior support walls called shear walls, made of reinforced concrete, strengthen the structure and help resist rocking forces. Shear walls in the center of a building form a shear core. Cross-bracing reinforces walls with diagonal steel beams. Base isolators act as shock absorbers, and a moat allows a building to sway.

There are three ways of reducing earthquake produced seismic forces acting on to the building. 

Base isolation: rubber pads or rollers. are used so the base does not feel the full shake or jump off foundations.

base isolation

 Shock absorbers or dampers are added to the structure to dissipate the seismic shock

shock absorbers

 Active tuned mass dampers use a computer controlled counter moving weight to actively move against the building sway.

active mass dampers

Rocking frames: The system dissipates energy through the movement of steel frames that are situated around the building's core or along exterior walls. The frames can be part of a building's initial design or could be incorporated into an existing building undergoing seismic retrofitting. 

rocking frames

TAIPEI 101-TAIWAN BUILDING

evening view-Taipei 101

Taipei 101:2^nd tallest building in the world

Location ;Taipei city-Taiwan

Completed: 2004

Height:508m

Stories :101 above the grounds and 5 below 

Architect :C.Y.Lee 

site area:2.2 mil.sf  

  

taipei 101                        
The design concept 

facade details

 The design of Taipei 101 is inspired by Chinese culture where by pagoda form and the shape of bamboo flowers influenced both internal and external form of the building. The building is designed to open upwards, representing a blossoming flower that signifies financial richness, as well as everlasting vitality in the Chinese culture. Repeated references to the number 8 also reflect local culture, which means blooming or success,  

Building functions

shopping mall atrium

The tower is having 198,347 m2 (2,336,000 sq. ft.) of office space, and 77,033 m2 (796,000 sq. ft.) of retail space, with 83,000 m2 (893,000 sq. ft.) of parking space for more than 1,800 vehicles. Located on floors 89 and 91, are the observation decks include the highest restaurant in Taiwan. Two high-speed elevators reach a maximum speed of 1,010 meters/minute (55 ft./second) when travelling to the 89th floor., 


Structural and construction details

section and plan detail

Since Taiwan is subject to typhoons and earthquakes, the tower is designed to counter movement, a tuned mass damper- The suspended sphere acts as a pendulum to absorb movements from typhoons and earthquakes system has been incorporated into the structure. The 800-metric ton (1,764,000 lbs.), spherical steel mass is located on level 88 and is visible from the restaurant and observation decks. The system transfers the energy from the building to the swinging sphere, providing a stabilizing force. There is a setback above each 8-story module, the tower ’waist’

natural forces resisting